Delight customers. Drive loyalty. Grow profit.Turn service quality into your competitive edge. Discover what customers really think, slash churn with real-time automated testing, and deliver the flawless subscriber experience that drives loyalty and long-term profit. Give your teams the evidence-based insight they need to optimise performance enterprise-wide—and launch digital transformation projects with total confidence across every network.
Monitor, detect, resolve - in real timeSubscribers expect a flawless experience around the clock—and your operations teams need the real-time intelligence to deliver it. Our heart-beat testing runs continuously across end-to-end user journeys, triggering instant alerts the moment service levels slip. With evidence-based analytics at their fingertips, your teams can pinpoint and resolve issues fast, protecting performance, reputation and subscriber loyalty.
Independent assurance for ambitious MVNOsMVNOs must deliver exceptional customer experiences while protecting margins and brand reputation. BluGem provides independent testing, fraud detection, roaming assurance and real-world service monitoring to help MVNOs validate performance, reduce risk and build customer trust.
Stop revenue leakage before it costs youEvery change to your systems, contracts or rates is a potential leak in your bottom line—and in today's complex environments, those leaks add up fast. Our end-to-end test solutions trace the full revenue journey, from device usage through switch and mediation to the customer bill, pinpointing exactly where margin is slipping away. Take immediate, targeted action to protect your profits and secure long-term growth.
Interconnection assurance, end to endInterconnection is where revenue, compliance and customer trust all meet and where a single misrouted call or mispriced rate can cost you dearly. Our test solutions give you the power to interrogate networks and routes with precision, exposing fraud, verifying billing accuracy and ensuring full regulatory compliance. Launch next-generation services like eSIM and OTT voice and messaging globally with total confidence.
Protect your network from fraud, scams and evolving threatsFraud is constantly evolving. From SIM boxes, OTT bypass and CLI refiling to scam messaging, spoofing and firewall evasion, operators face growing pressure to protect revenues, customers and brand reputation. BluGem provides global threat intelligence and real-world monitoring solutions that help identify vulnerabilities before criminals exploit them. Whether you need active fraud detection, SMS honeypot intelligence, firewall validation or assurance against international traffic abuse, our solutions help you detect threats faster, reduce losses and strengthen your defences.
Get to market faster, get it right first timeIn a fiercely competitive market, every product launch is a chance to win loyalty—or lose it. A single missed customer journey, miscalculated tariff or broken notification can derail months of work. We partner with Product Managers and Go-To-Market teams to build rigorous test plans that cover every scenario, pre-live and live. From promotions and tariff refreshes to roaming zones and spend-caps, we make sure your launch lands perfectly, on time and on brand.
Transform with confidence, not compromiseEvery new system, platform or migration brings opportunity and risk. A single discrepancy between legacy and new environments can disrupt service, corrupt data and damage customer trust.

We help you transform with confidence, rigorously verifying the accuracy and functionality of new systems against legacy benchmarks in both test and production, so change delivers progress, not problems.
Independent evidence. Regulatory confidence.Regulators expect proof, not assumptions. Communications providers face increasing scrutiny over billing accuracy, service performance and consumer protection. BluGem delivers independent, quantitative testing that provides clear evidence of compliance, validates customer outcomes and helps organisations demonstrate transparency, accountability and trust.
Independent oversight for national authoritiesSelf-reporting only goes so far, national authorities need independent evidence to verify that communication providers are meeting their regulatory obligations. Our test equipment interfaces directly with the network to deliver impartial, verifiable proof of compliance. From exposing SIM box fraud and interconnect bypass to tracking emerging schemes targeting internet and OTT services, we help regulators safeguard consumer interests and recover the tax revenues rightfully owed.
Precision testing for law enforcement supportNational security and law enforcement agencies rely on accurate network information to do their critical work and any inaccuracy can have serious consequences. BluGem's automated test solutions verify that network data is being supplied and interpreted exactly as it should be giving agencies the confidence to act on intelligence that's been independently proven.
Independent testing for quality and service assuranceDelivering reliable communications services requires more than laboratory testing. BluGem helps QA and test management teams validate voice, messaging, data, roaming and digital services using real devices, real networks and global test resources. Our independent testing solutions help identify issues earlier, improve service quality and increase confidence before launch.
Avoid surprises after launchThe cost of finding issues after deployment is always higher than finding them before release. BluGem provides independent testing that helps release teams validate services under real-world conditions, uncover hidden defects and gain confidence that new products, updates and platform changes are ready for customers.
Global app assurance, local user insightYour app needs to perform flawlessly on every device, every operating system and every network your customers use wherever they are in the world. Our scripted, repeatable tests validate functionality and usability in the live environment, while our global network of international testers delivers language validation and unbiased user feedback across countries and carriers. Launch with confidence that your app meets customer expectations everywhere it matters.
How Fraudsters Find the Path of Least Resistance Find out how fraudsters are bypassing network SMS firewalls by utilising other methods of delivery
Real test events on real devicesAudits are only the beginning. BluGem’s Test Call Generation platform combines a global network of real devices with TÜV SÜD BABT approved timing and byte accuracy to execute strategic test plans that protect networks, billing integrity and customer experience. From 5G and VoLTE to satellite and IoT services, BluGem targets the areas where issues are hardest to detect, delivered either as a fully managed service or a system operated by your own team.
Testing and assurance for roaming and international servicesWhen customers roam, your reputation travels with them. BluGem assures roaming and international services across more than 100 countries using automated TCG units and a global Crowd Network of real users on real devices. Roaming zones, tariffs and welcome messages are validated against real customer journeys, with rapid results delivered through a fully managed service.
Every byte measured, every charge verifiedWhen customers pay for data services, every byte matters and so does every billing decision behind it. BluGem’s data assurance platform measures exactly what reaches the handset and compares it against network records to identify missing CDRs, incorrect byte counting, failed usage caps and mistimed allowances. Gain the independent insight needed to resolve issues quickly, protect revenues and maintain customer trust.
Timing accuracy you can certifyWhen CDR timing is off, bundles misfire, durations distort, and revenue leaks. Whether you need regulatory proof or operational peace of mind, BluGem's TÜV SÜD BABT approved timing system provides an accurate point to compare like-for-like against your network records across multiple feeds. Spot the discrepancies others miss and resolve them with confidence.
Every tariff, every bundle, validatedBill shock drives churn faster than almost any other complaint, and in a world of complex tariffs, bundle stacking, roaming zones and free app traffic, mistakes are easy to make and costly to fix. BluGem's approved tariff modelling system independently re-rates your mediated CDRs to expose discrepancies fast. Paired with our Test Call Generator, it gives you a true end-to-end view of billing accuracy, with expert analysis and real-time reporting.
The end of plastic SIMs, the start of new risksThe plastic SIM is on its way out, and your customers are already expecting a seamless eSIM experience at home and abroad. BluGem's global network of genuine eSIM-capable Android devices puts your provisioning to the test, comparing physical and eSIM journeys side by side, validating rating, profile changes and notifications, and surfacing any fraud risk before it reaches your customers.
Check the accuracy of notifications sent to customersSMS messages are far more likely to be read than email, making them one of your most valuable channels, and one of the most costly to get wrong. BluGem's global network of real devices automatically captures and validates your notifications, from roaming welcome messages and geo-fenced promotions to fraud alerts and balance statements. Verify delivery, content, timing and triggers with real-time screenshots of exactly what your customer sees.
Bypass detection fraudsters can't predictFraudsters are faster, smarter and more relentless than ever, bypassing interconnects, refiling CLIs and shifting traffic onto OTT platforms to evade detection and steal revenue. BluGem fights back using real subscriber SIMs, fixed lines and SIP clients across the globe, combined with a Global Crowd of 100,000+ users that continuously rotates traffic sources so fraudsters cannot predict or track testing activity. Detect bypass, CLI refiling and OTT fraud quickly with instant alerts and clear pass/fail reporting.
Independent intelligence on scams and spam targeting your networkScammers and spammers are constantly targeting your customers, and operators need an independent view of the threats reaching their networks. BluGem’s honeypot service quietly captures unsolicited voice calls and SMS, classifies activity against known scam and spam patterns, and provides the evidence needed to strengthen defences, support law enforcement and demonstrate regulatory compliance.
Are criminals finding ways around your firewalls?Deploying a firewall is only the beginning. Even with major investment, scams, bypass attacks and evolving threats still reach subscribers, and without independent validation it's hard to know how effective your defences really are. BluGem combines proactive controlled-traffic testing with passive monitoring to reveal how your firewalls perform against real-world attacks and highlight where updates are needed.
The most important calls on your networkFew obligations are as critical as connecting the public to police, fire and ambulance services, and failures have tragic, real-world consequences. BluGem independently verifies that emergency calls route correctly across CS, VoLTE, VoWiFi and 5G, at home and while roaming, on physical SIM, eSIM and no SIM. With affordable monthly programmes, location-ID checks and network fallback testing using real handsets worldwide, we help you prove every emergency call connects when it matters most.
The internet of things, assuredConnected devices are reshaping every sector, but a single glitch can stall adoption and erode confidence in your network. BluGem independently verifies the usability, functionality and communication accuracy of IoT services, from pre-launch snapshots to long-running heartbeat monitoring. With expert CDR analysis and a global testing footprint, we help you launch and grow your IoT proposition with confidence.
SIP, VoLTE and VoWiFi assuredPacket-switched voice gives customers a richer experience, but the more protocols you support, the more places errors can hide. BluGem methodically tests every combination of SIP, VoLTE, VoWiFi, GSM and PSTN at both origination and termination, on real Android devices and across our global network. From CS fallback and missing CDRs to roaming partner failures, we catch the issues before your customers do.
Broadband and PSTN assurance you can trustHome working, streaming and online gaming have pushed broadband usage to record highs, and at that scale, even the smallest billing error multiplies into serious revenue impact. BluGem independently validates ADSL, PSTN and broadband services with approved timing, full CDR reconciliation and accurate data tracking, so you can be confident every customer is billed correctly, every time.
Be ready when the authorities callWhen the authorities request subscriber data, there's no room for missing records or mismatched IPs. A single gap can mean fines, reputational damage or a criminal walking free. BluGem's IP Address Resolution confirmation product runs scheduled 24/7 data events across mobile and broadband, tracking internal and external IPs and correlating them to each SIM, so you can prove your Lawful Interception system delivers complete, accurate records every time.
Same product, different platform, real riskRoughly half your customers are on iPhone, yet iOS can behave very differently from Android. Different APNs, tariff configurations and app protocols all create platform-specific problems that can quietly cost you revenue and goodwill. BluGem's globally distributed iOS testers run any test plan you need on real Apple devices, fully reconciled against your network CDRs, so the experience is consistent whichever phone your customer chose.
Validate system functionality through defined test journeysUndetected errors don't just frustrate users, they can stop your product working altogether. BluGem combines automated test event generation with experienced multi-lingual crowd testers to validate scripted journeys against your specification, on real devices, in the locations and networks that matter. With evidenced defects, risk categorisation and a dedicated project manager, you launch faster and with confidence.
Unbiased end-user feedbackYou've invested in a great product, but does it actually feel right to the people who'll use it? Skipping usability testing risks missing your target audience, frustrating customers and damaging your brand. BluGem's international crowd network delivers unbiased, real-world feedback from a wide demographic, with evidenced reports and a dedicated project manager, so you go to market with confidence and the insight to keep improving.
How Fraudsters Find the Path of Least Resistance Find out how fraudsters are bypassing network SMS firewalls by utilising other methods of delivery
Get to know the team behind your testingOur experts are approachable and always ready to help you with any request. Meet our management team below.
Our journey to where we are todayWe've come a long way in 20 years. Find out where it started and the steps along the way to supporting some of the worlds largest telecommunication networks.
How we care for people and natureFinding harmony for people and nature has always been central to BluGem’s business philosophy. The location of our base of operations alongside a UNESCO biosphere reserve provides our staff with the opportunity to engage in hands-on preservation and team building in some stunning coast and moorland in North Devon, England. This is complemented by a range of charitable activities that support health, sport and culture.
Come and join the BluGem teamOur team is always expanding. See if we have any roles that fit your skill set.
How Fraudsters Find the Path of Least Resistance Find out how fraudsters are bypassing network SMS firewalls by utilising other methods of delivery
Privacy Policy

Privacy Policy

 

Introduction

BluGem Communications Limited is committed to implementing appropriate protections for any Personal Information that we collect or our users share with us and BluGem Communications Limited’s Online Privacy Policy sets forth our policies and procedures regarding our collection, use, and/or sharing of your Personal Information.

Please note the following third parties are used to process certain activities for BluGem Communications Limited, including:

Our recruitment process is managed independently by BluGem but we may also utilise other third parties recruitment companies and is subject exclusively to the third party Privacy Statements.

What Information We May Collect

When you use our Services, we may collect “Personal information,” which is any information that can be used to identify a particular individual which can include traditional identifiers such as name, address, e-mail address, telephone number and non-traditional identifiers such as unique device identifiers and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.  We may collect personal information that you or other users give us (e.g. your contact details or your comments or opinions), allow us to receive either through your preferences in your devices (e.g. location data) or browser or from third parties such as social networks (e.g. your public profile information) or through use of our Services (e.g. the pages you visit).

Why We Collect Personal Information

The Personal Information we collect helps us:

  • provide our Services to you;
  • process transactions;
  • respond to requests or any correspondence you send us;
  • learn about our users’ interests in terms of the features, performance and support of our products;
  • customise your experience (including the content and advertisements delivered on our websites);
  • to enhance and develop our Services;
  • to protect and enforce our rights and the rights of our users and third parties;
  • market our products and services to you through newsletters or promotional e-mails
  • How We May Share Your Information

We do not sell Personal Information about our customers or users to any third parties. We may from time to time share your Personal Information with our business partners, resellers, affiliates, service providers, consulting partners and others in order to provide our Services to you.

See “Additional Information on How We May Share Your Information”.

Your Choices Regarding Your Personal Information

BluGem Communications Limited respects your choices about how your Personal Information is used when you register with us or provide us with Personal Information for other purposes.

If you choose not to provide any Personal Information when requested, you can still enjoy most aspects of our Services.  However, you may be unable to access certain areas and services that require our interaction with you.

Marketing communications. You can opt-out of receiving communications from BluGem Communications Limited at any time by unsubscribing by following instructions at the bottom of any e-mail or SMS communications you receive. However, we may still send you updates to our Legal Notices, Online Privacy Policy, or regarding any account you have created with us.

Online advertising and other tracking. As discussed above, BluGem Communications Limited collect certain information about you when you use our Services through technology such as cookies and similar tracking tools for internal and analytic purposes. You may be able to “opt out” of the collection of information through cookies or other tracking technology by actively managing the settings on your browser or mobile device. Please refer to your browser’s or mobile device’s technical information for instructions on how to delete and disable cookies, and other tracking/recording tools.  To learn more about cookies, please read our Cookie Policy. We are not able to respond to “Do Not Track” signals set by a browser at this time.

We also permit third party online advertising networks and social media companies to collect information about your use of our website over time so that they may play or display ads that may be relevant to your interests on our site as well as on other websites or apps. Typically, this information is collected through cookies or similar tracking technologies, which recognise the device you are using and collect information, including for example, hashed data, click stream information, browser type, time and date you visited the site, and other information. This information is used to display targeted ads on or through our Services, or to our users or visitors to our websites on other websites or apps, including on Facebook.  We may combine personal information that we collect about you with the browsing and tracking information collected by these technologies. We or the online advertising networks use this information to make the advertisements you see online more relevant to your interests. For example, we use third party advertising services such as Remarketing with Google Analytics to market our services to you on other websites. You may be able to “opt out” of the collection of information through cookies or other tracking technology by actively managing the settings on your browser or mobile device. Please refer to your browser’s or mobile device’s technical information for instructions on how to delete and disable cookies, and other tracking/recording tools.

To learn more about cookies, clear gifs/web beacons and related technologies, and to learn how you may be able to opt-out of interest-based advertising from many online advertising networks, you may wish to visit www.allaboutcookies.org, the Network Advertising Initiative’s online resources at www.networkadvertising.org (or www.aboutads.info/choices). If you access our service on your mobile device, you may not be able to control tracking technologies through settings.

EU rights relating to Accessing and Correcting Personal Information

You have the following rights in relation to your personal information: (i) the right to be informed about how your personal information is being used; (ii) the right to access the personal information we hold about you; and (iii) the right to request the correction of inaccurate personal data we hold about you and to request the blocking or deletion of your personal information where the processing does not comply with local data protection laws. To exercise any of the above rights, or if you have any questions relating to your rights, please contact us by using the details set out in the “How to Contact Us” section below.

Links to Other Sites

We are not responsible for any content, products or services offered on any third-party websites. Links to third-party websites are provided for your convenience only. This Privacy Policy will not apply to any Personal Information that you provide to, or that is collected by, any third-party website operator or third-party product/service provider.  Additionally, our site may include social media features such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn buttons (such as “Like,” or “Tweet”).  These social media sites may automatically record information about your browsing behaviour every time you visit a site that has a social media button, regardless of whether you click on the button. Your interactions with these features are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing the feature, not by our privacy policy. Please review your privacy settings on social media sites.

Security

We will take all reasonable and appropriate measures to protect the personal information you share with us from unauthorised access or disclosure.

How to Contact Us

If you have any questions or concerns about BluGem Communications Limited’s Online Privacy Policy, please send an email to dpo@blugem.com or write to us at: BluGem Communications Limited, 2 Litchdon St, Barnstaple, Devon, EX32 8ND. Phone: +44 (0)1271 374 110

Online Privacy Policy Updates

We may make changes to our Online Privacy Policy from time to time. Please review our policies regularly as updated policies will apply to your future visits to our website.

Your Consent

By using this website, you consent to the terms of our Online Privacy Policy and to BluGem Communications Limited collecting and processing of your Personal Information for the purposes listed herein. Your Personal Information may be processed in the country in which it was collected and other countries in which BluGem Communications Limited’s backup storage may be located.

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Additional Information on How We May Share Your Information

Any Personal Information we collect may be shared with BluGem Communications Limited’s affiliates, or companies who operate under the same corporate control BluGem Communications Limited will take reasonable steps to ensure that these company affiliates honour this Online Privacy Policy. We may, from time to time, share your Personal Information with third party business partners, vendors, affiliates, and other service providers that perform services on our behalf, in order to carry out their work for us, which may include identifying and serving targeted advertisements, e-commerce, content or service fulfilment, website operations, email communications management, customer service, analytics, manufacturing, integration, delivery, support, payment, and servicing processes.  BluGem Communications Limited’s policy is to prohibit these companies from using your Personal Information for any purpose other than to provide the services expressly requested by BluGem Communications Limited.

We may with your prior consent share your Personal Information with business partners who offer a service jointly with us, for example, when running a co-sponsored contest, promotion, or survey.

BluGem Communications Limited may sell or buy assets from or to other companies. Personal information may be one of the transferred business assets, and would likely be one of the transferred assets in the event that BluGem Communications Limited or some of its assets were acquired. If BluGem Communications Limited or its assets are acquired by another company, BluGem Communications Limited will request that the acquiring company assumes the obligations of this Online Privacy Policy.

We may disclose your Personal Information if we believe in good faith that such disclosure is necessary to (a) comply with relevant laws; or (b) to protect and defend the rights or property of BluGem Communications Limited or users of our website.

BluGem Communications Limited may “de-personalise” Personal Information by removing personally identifiable characteristics, such as name and email address, and aggregate data for use in surveys or other business purposes. BluGem Communications Limited may then use and/or share this de-personalised information with third parties to improve our Services.

We may use cookies and similar technologies, such as tags and pixels (“Cookies”), to personalise and improve your customer experience as you use our Websites and Mobile Apps and to provide you with relevant online advertising. This section provides more information about Cookies, including how we use them and how you can exercise your choices about our use of Cookies.

Cookie Policy

How we use Cookies

Cookies are small data files that allow a website to collect and store a range of data on your desktop computer, laptop or mobile device.  Cookies help us to provide important features and functionality on our Website, and we use them to improve your customer experience. For example, we use Cookies to do the following:

Improve the way our Website works – Cookies allow us to improve the way our Website works so that we can personalise your experience and allow you to use many of their useful features.

For example, we use Cookies so we can remember your preferences when you return.

Improve the performance of our Website – Cookies can help us to understand how our Website is being used, for example, by telling us if you get an error messages as you browse.  These Cookies collect data that is mostly aggregated and anonymous.

Deliver relevant online advertising  – We use Cookies to help us deliver online advertising about BluGem Communications Limited that we believe is most relevant to you on other organisations’ websites.  These Cookies may collect information about your online behaviour, such as your IP address, the website you arrived from and information about your browsing history. This means that you may see our adverts on other organisations’ websites.

Measuring the effectiveness of our marketing communications, including online advertising – Cookies can help us to measure the effectiveness of our online advertising campaigns and control the number of times you are shown an advert.  We also use Cookies to measure the effectiveness of our marketing communications, for example by telling us if you have opened a marketing email that we have sent you

Your choices when it comes to Cookies

You can use your browser settings to accept or reject new Cookies and to delete existing Cookies. You can also set your browser to notify you each time new Cookies are placed on your computer or other device. You can find more detailed information about how you can manage Cookies at the All About Cookies and Your Online Choices websites.

If you choose to disable some or all Cookies, you may not be able to make full use of our Websites.

Where we display personalised adverts on other organisations’ websites, the AdChoices icon will usually be displayed. Clicking on this icon will provide you with specific guidance on how to control your online advertising preferences. More information is available on the YourAdChoiceswebsite.

Website Usage

PLEASE READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SITE

The materials on this web site (the “Site”) are provided by BluGem Communications Limited as a service and may be used for informational purposes only. Single copies may be downloaded subject to the provisions below. By downloading any materials from this site, you agree to these terms, unless the materials are accompanied by a separate download agreement, in which case the terms of that Agreement shall control your rights to use the materials. If you do not agree to them, do not use the site or download any materials from it.

Accessing our site

Access to this website is permitted on a temporary basis, and we reserve the right to withdraw or amend the information we provide without notice. We will not be liable if for any reason the website is unavailable at any time or for any period. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the website, or the entire website, to users who have registered with us.

Use of and reliance on information posted

We grant you permission to download the information on to a computer and to make one hard copy of the information for reference purposes only. You must not modify the paper or digital copies of any materials you have printed off or downloaded in any way, and you must not use any illustrations, photographs, video or audio sequences or any graphics separately from any accompanying text. With respect to material, including but not limited to still images, video footage, audio product or visual representations, we only grant you permission to download the material for personal use. We do not grant you a right for republication, retransmission, reproduction or other use of such material.

Any of the material on the website may be out of date or include omissions, inaccuracies or other errors at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material. Commentary and other materials posted on the website site are not intended to amount to advice on which reliance should be placed. We therefore disclaim all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on such materials by any visitor to the website, or by anyone who may be informed of any of its contents.

Our Liability

EXCEPT WHERE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED OTHERWISE IN AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND US, ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED DIRECTLY ON THE WEBSITE OR INDIRECTLY THROUGH A WEBSITE BY HYPERTEXT LINK OR OTHERWISE IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. WE HEREBY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THIS INFORMATION, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL WE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM OR THROUGH THE ARM WEBSITE. WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES, UPDATES OR CORRECTIONS TO THE INFORMATION ON THE ARM WEBSITE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE.

Information about you and your visits to our site

We process information about you gained from your use of the BluGem Communications Limited Website in accordance with our privacy policy.

Transactions concluded through our site

Contracts for the supply of goods, services or information formed through our site or as a result of visits made by you are governed by our terms and conditions, or those of our third party suppliers, and notified to you during each individual transaction.